Three trillion new energy storage market, how do sensors protect it?

2024-01-11 16:31:57 29

In 2020, China proposed that carbon dioxide emissions should peak before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

According to research by the authoritative organization IEA, carbon dioxide emissions increased exponentially from 1910 to 2022, reaching a peak of 36.8Gt of carbon dioxide emissions in 2022. Increasing the application of new energy has been put on the agenda, and energy storage is currently the Very hot area. The latest report from IHS shows that the development of energy storage in the past ten years can achieve a CAGR of 30.9%, which is a very remarkable growth.

As an important starting point to achieve the "dual carbon" goal, new energy storage is considered to be the next trillion-dollar track after photovoltaics and electric vehicles. Relevant data show that the scale of the new energy storage industry represented by electrochemical energy storage is expected to exceed one trillion by 2025, and is expected to approach 3 trillion by 2030.

In the rapid development of the new energy storage industry, it is still faced with many challenges such as safety issues, low operating efficiency, and low profits. There is an urgent need for a new generation of information technology, automation technology, and engineering technology to be deeply integrated with new energy storage.

Regarding the development of energy storage systems, first, photovoltaics must be paired with energy storage in the future. Second, the capacity of the photovoltaic energy storage battery, the size of the energy storage system, the weight of the energy storage system, and the cost of the energy storage system are all related important characteristics. Third, many energy storage system applications also need to consider semiconductor components to ensure that their temperature rise is minimized, which is also a huge challenge at present.

As the key sensing device of intelligent systems, sensors are an important driver to ensure the all-round independent and coordinated development of new energy storage systems, batteries, inverters and other components, system integration and operation and maintenance, and the downstream user side, driving the development of new energy storage. Developing in the direction of digitalization and intelligence.

Throughout recent years, my country's energy storage industry has developed rapidly, which also contains huge risks. According to incomplete statistics, in the past ten years, more than 30 electrochemical energy storage power station safety accidents have occurred around the world, most of which occurred in the past five years. The safety situation of electrochemical energy storage is not optimistic.

Through the analysis of energy storage accidents, it was found that the main factors causing the accidents are as follows: Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. The energy storage battery cells are short-circuited in the lithium-ion battery due to quality defects, mechanical damage, heat or external short circuit, causing the battery to run out of control and catch fire. Under the action of heat, the entire battery module and battery cluster are ignited or even exploded.
How to resolve battery energy storage safety?
Battery thermal runaway refers to a chain reaction in which the battery continues to release heat, causing the temperature of the battery pack to rise sharply, which in turn triggers a battery combustion accident. Thermal runaway has three processes: induction, occurrence and spread. The main causes of thermal runaway are overheating, overcharging, internal short circuit, collision and other factors.

In the early stage of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, due to the very slow changes in characteristic identification parameters such as battery temperature, discharge voltage, and discharge current, modern BMS cannot detect battery faults early. At this time, the electrochemical reaction inside the battery will produce a large amount of gas. Therefore, using gas detection sensors to achieve early warning of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is the most effective way.

It can be seen from the pie chart that the components of these main gases generated by the battery during the thermal runaway process are very similar. As shown in the figure, the gas components are mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and carbon monoxide (CO), and the rest are small. Some gases are mainly small molecular hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H4, etc.).

We can start with the large amount of gas produced when the power lithium battery is thermally runaway. When the lithium-ion battery is thermally runaway, a large amount of carbon monoxide will be released inside the battery. Therefore, we can determine the thermal runaway of the battery by detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide.

Regarding thermal runaway of energy storage batteries, we must adhere to the principle of "early detection, early disposal" and conduct advanced detection and early warning of the primary stage of thermal runaway of lithium batteries in the energy storage cabin, so as to eliminate fire hazards in their infancy.
carbon monoxide sensor
As a professional sensor solution provider, the carbon monoxide sensors developed by Daoheshun Sensing for energy storage safety monitoring have begun to be supplied in batches.

DSD03-M1K-JH5 is a very unique electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor developed and produced by Dao Heshun. DSD03-M1K-JH5 is a fuel cell sensor. Carbon monoxide and oxygen undergo corresponding redox reactions on the working electrode and counter electrode and release charges to form a current. The size of the generated current is proportional to the concentration of carbon monoxide and follows Faraday's law. By measuring the current The size can determine the concentration of carbon monoxide.
Features:
DSD03-M1K-JH5 adopts a special structural design and has a small overall size. It can be applied to highly integrated electronic products. It has high sensitivity to carbon monoxide and linearly outputs the carbon monoxide concentration.

DSD03-M1K-JH5 has a long life, excellent long-term stability and anti-interference ability;

The DSD03-M1K-JH5 sensor has high sensitivity to carbon monoxide and very low sensitivity to other gases such as hydrogen and methane. It can effectively reduce the false alarm rate in energy storage applications.